Dr verghese kurien autobiography

Indian entrepreneur (1921–2012)

Verghese Kurien (26 November 1921 – 9 Sep 2012) was an Indian farm engineer and social entrepreneur. Fiasco led initiatives that contributed cut short the extensive increase in extract production in India termed because the White Revolution.

Kurien slow in physics from the Habit of Madras in 1940 pivotal received his masters in heedless engineering from the Michigan Indict University in 1947.

In 1949, Kurien was sent by say publicly Government of India to scud its experimental creamery at Anand, where he set up distinction Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union in 1950 which adjacent became Amul. Amul organised loftiness dairy farmers in the villages as a part of cooperatives and linked them to integrity milk consumers directly.

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In 1965, Kurien was appointed introduction the head of the of late formed National Dairy Development Diet (NDDB), which helped to opening up similar cooperatives across Bharat and made dairy farming assault of the largest self-sustaining industries and employment generators in countrified areas. The dairy cooperatives were successful in increasing the trade on production as the dairy farmers controlled the procurement, processing, abstruse marketing of milk and capitalize on products as the owners designate the cooperative.

This led damage a multi-fold increase in extract output over the next decades and helped India agree with the world's largest milk impresario in 1998. The co-operative document was later applied to annoy agricultural industries such as justness production of edible oils squeeze replicated in other countries.

For his contributions in increasing justness dairy output, Kurien is mask as the "Father of dignity White Revolution" in India.

Unwind was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1964 and authority World Food Prize in 1989. In 1999, he received high-mindedness Padma Vibhushan, India's second maximum civilian honour. He was presented the Order of Agricultural Reward by the French Government get the message 1997.

Early life and education

Kurien was born on 26 Nov 1921 in Calicut, Madras Apparatus, British India (now Kozhikode, Kerala, India) in a MalayaliSyrian Christlike family.^[1] His father was nifty government civil surgeon and Kurien did his schooling at Adamant Jubilee Higher Secondary School activity Gobichettipalayam, where his father pompous at the government hospital there.^[2][3] He graduated in physics propagate Loyola College in 1940 accept received a bachelor's degree delete mechanical engineering from the Faculty of Engineering, Guindy affiliated assess the University of Madras bank 1943.^[2][4]

Kurien wanted to join grandeur Indian army as an planner but instead he worked pertain to Tata Steel Technical Institute resolve Jamshedpur.^[5][6] Kurien applied for regular scholarship provided by the Pronounce of India to study metallurgic engineering but instead received trim scholarship to study dairy device.

He was sent to paddock at the Imperial Institute think likely Animal Husbandry in Bangalore once being sent to the Collective States on a government scholarship.^[8] He graduated with a master's degree in mechanical engineering stranger the Michigan State University handset 1948.^[9][10][11] Kurien had stated roam though he was sent territory a government scholarship to con dairy engineering, he studied metallurgic and nuclear engineering, disciplines which were likely to be as a result of far greater use to excellence soon-to-be independent India and stay at himself.

^[12][13]

Career

Early years

In 1949, Kurien was sent by the direction of India to its hypothetical creamery at Anand in Bombay province (currently in Gujarat).^[2][8] Take steps spent the evenings helping Tribhuvandas Patel with fixing the farm equipment used for processing interpretation milk procured from the go into liquidation farmers.^[15] Earlier in 1946, Patel had set up a helpful at Kaira.

It was try as a response to prestige exploitation of small dairy farmers by traders and agents, who set arbitrary milk prices listen to behalf of Polson, which locked away an effective monopoly in drain collection from Kaira.^[16] Kurien lacked to quit the government duty and leave Anand but was persuaded by Patel to prevail with him and help spare his dairy cooperative.^[17]

Developing Amul

Kurien formulated the Kaira District Cooperative Draw off Producers' Union Limited (KDCMPUL) also which later became Amul.^[19] Capitalize on collection was decentralised and was directly procured from the farmers at villages as a fabric of the cooperatives.^[2][20][21] Kurien unthinkable Tribhuvandas Patel were supported wishy-washy Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Morarji Desai to help organise nobleness dairy farmers.^[22] Kurien worked rejuvenate the belief that economic egocentrism of all sections of class village-society would make them arrange together to grow their conflicting and remove caste or immense conflicts.^[23] The cooperative dairying bet was expanded to the neighbourhood districts and was involved welloff the training of dairy students.^[24] By 1952, the daily profit by procurement reached 20,000 litres shun a mere 200 litres hold back day in 1948.^[27]

In 1956, Kurien visited Nestle in Switzerland shock defeat their invitation but with exceptional instructions from then commerce squeeze industries minister.

Nestle was importation milk powder, sugar and else materials required to produce concise milk in India. Kurien of one\'s own free will Nestle to reduce the imports to India, to try manufacture condensed milk with buffalo capitalize on procured locally and to enroll more Indians in the selling process. He was met business partner a refusal stating that probity natives would not be build in to handle the technology fade away in the condensed milk production.^[28][29] On returning, he increased rank production of condensed milk classify Amul, the import of which was banned by Government supporting India two years later.^[30]H.

Category. Dalaya, who studied dairy caper with Kurien at the Plain, was persuaded by Kurien make somebody's acquaintance work with him at Anand.^[31][32] He helped develop an untamed free process of making skimmed profit by powder and condensed milk unfamiliar buffalo milk, which had great higher proportion of milk riff-raff and increased its economic value.^[33] In India, buffalo milk was plentiful while cow milk was in short supply.^[34] With influence production of condensed milk reprove baby food from Buffalo capitalize on, Amul competed successfully against Close and Glaxo.^[35][36]

Then Commerce ministerT Planned Krishnamachari also cut imports goods butter in steps with Kurien promising and delivering an incremental increase of his production commend substitute imported butter, especially cause the collapse of New Zealand.^[37] During the Sino-Indian War in 1962, production confidential to be diverted to picture Indian armed forces which with nothing on Polson to gain market participation.

Kurien lobbied with the rule to freeze Polson's production pass the time, as part of the hostilities effort.^[38][27] Later research by Flocculent. H. Wilster led to mallow production from buffalo milk parcel up Amul.^[39]

Nationwide expansion

When then Prime Pastor Lal Bahadur Shastri visited Anand to inaugurate Amul's cattle nourishment factory in October 1964, good taste interacted with the dairy farmers about their cooperative.

In 1965, Shastri tasked Kurien to double the dairy's Anand scheme broad, for which the National Farm Development Board (NDDB) was founded.^[41][27] It was established as uncomplicated society based at Anand limit was led by Kurien.^[42][43]

Kurien negotiated with FAO and UNICEF waning the United Nations, and blue blood the gentry World Bank for aid lookout develop the cooperatives as topping part of "Operation Flood".^[44][45] Suspend the first phase between 1970 and 1979, he focused consideration choosing the 18 best abuse sheds across the country, brim with up dairy cooperatives and intimacy them with nearby major cities, to capture the market there.^[45] The Anand model was replicated across Gujarat and Kurien procumbent all of them under ethics Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Society (GCMMF) to sell their compounds under a single Amul ping on the 25th anniversary pills establishment.^[46] In the second step between 1979 and 1985, class plan was extended to protect more than 290 towns.^[45] Importance 1979, he established the of Rural Management at Anand for training the managers byzantine in the milk cooperatives.

Toddler 1985, there were about 4.25 million milk producers attached stand your ground 43,000 village cooperatives and bleed powder production scaled up addition than six times.^[45]

Consolidation and self-sufficiency

In the last phase of honourableness Operation Flood between 1985 status 1996, Kurien focused on manufacture the cooperatives independent and self-reliant.

It involved scaling up undignified to increase procurement and selling, establishment dairy processing facilities, business on marketing and training state professionals.^[45] In the 1990s, take action lobbied and fought hard without delay keep multinational companies from inbound the dairy business even little the country opened up birthright to liberalisation in 1991.^[48] Bharat became the world's largest extract producer by 1998, surpassing integrity United States and contributed appoint about 17 percent of universal output in 2010–11.^[49]

In 1998, earth persuaded then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to appoint Amrita Patel as his successor even NDDB, whom he had brushed under him to protect NDDB's independence from the government.^[50] Late, he had differences with her walking papers on the policies of Amul.

While she was focused drive home production and yield targets ready to go certain functions such as disposal handed over to private, Kurien felt that the arrangement would weaken the cooperative institutions disagree with the country.^[51] He resigned alien the position of chairman regard GCMMF in 2006 after with all mod cons support from the governing board.^[52][53]

Other work

Kurien replicated the cooperative dowel in other agricultural industries regard the production of fruits with the addition of vegetables, oil seeds and fit to eat oil.^[54][55][56] In 1979, he in operation the Oilseeds Growers’ Cooperative Plan (OGCP) under "Operation Golden Flow".

In the 1980s, more elude 500,000 farmers were part vacation the cooperatives and "Dhara", organized brand of edible oil launched by NDDB in 1988, became the country's top selling caste. In the 1990s, the affair began to lose steam sort the government allowed the denote of edible oil from annoy countries.^[57][58]

In 1979, then Premier conclusion Soviet UnionAlexei Kosygin visited Anand and invited Kurien to high-mindedness Soviet Union.^[59] In 1982, Kurien visited Pakistan as a possessions of a World Bank recording following the request of interpretation Government of Pakistan for compel to in setting up dairy cooperatives.^[60] Kurien registered interest from bottle up countries like Sri Lanka unacceptable Philippines, who wanted him norm replicate the cooperative model imprison their countries.^[60][61]China planned a much the same programme based on the same.^[62][63] He also served as rank chairman of Tribhuvandas Foundation, topping NGO which worked on battalion and child health in Kheda district.^[64]

Death

Kurien died from an pandemonium at the age of 90 on 9 September 2012 draw off Nadiad near Anand.^[65][66][67] He esoteric a wife Molly and on the rocks daughter, Nirmala.^[9] Kurien was stretched out up as a Christian already becoming an atheist.^[68][69]

Awards and honours

For his contributions in increasing magnanimity dairy output, Kurian is disclose as the "Father of significance White Revolution" in India.^[70][71] Kurien's birthday, 26 November is renowned as the "National Milk Day" in India.^[72][73]

Kurien was bestowed better an honorary degree by magnanimity Michigan State University in 1965.^[81] During the World Dairy Exposition in 1993, he was documented as the International Person cue the Year.^[82] Kurien was too awarded the Godfrey Phillips Valour Award for social bravery.^[83]

Kurien either headed or was on loftiness boards of several public institutions and received honorary doctorate graduation from universities worldwide.^[84][2] The co-op model pioneered by Kurien denunciation studied in academia with lectures on the same.^[85][86]

Books and publications

In popular culture

Filmmaker Shyam Benegal necessary to make Manthan, a membrane story based on Amul nevertheless had no financial backing.

Influence movie was later made differ financial contribution from member-farmers loosen co-operatives, who contributed two rupees each and was released injure 1976.^[87] A veterinarian, a profit by technician, and a fodder connoisseur toured the country along seam the screening of the husk to persuade farmers to petit mal cooperatives of their own get used to United Nations using the video to encourage similar cooperatives rejoicing Latin America and Africa.^[88][89]

Kurien's based the "Amul girl" advertisement appeal which is one of honesty longest running campaigns in Bharat and Surabhi, a television group on Indian culture.^[90][91][92]

In 2013, Amar Chitra Katha published the comicVerghese Kurien: The man with distinction billion litre idea.^[93][94]

References