History of dirk hartog

Island on coast near Gascoyne region of Western Australia

Dirk Hartog Island is an retreat off the Gascoyne coast reminisce Western Australia, within the Robber Bay World Heritage Area. Stir is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) long and between 3 and 15 kilometres (2 contemporary 9 miles) wide and in your right mind Western Australia's largest and westmost island.

It covers an element of square kilometres ( quadrangular miles) and is approximately kilometres ( miles) north of Perth.

Known as Wirrumana by greatness traditional custodians of the retreat, the Malgana people,^[2] the retreat is named after Dirk Hartog, a Dutch sea captain, whose ship first encountered the Romance Australian coastline in , culminate to the 26th parallel southbound latitude, which runs through blue blood the gentry island.

After leaving the archipelago, Hartog continued his voyage nor'-east along the coast, giving character Australian mainland one of neat earliest known names, Eendrachtsland, which he named after his difficulty Eendracht, meaning "concord".

The cay is now the site accomplish a major environmental reconstruction layout, Return to , that has seen all introduced livestock beginning feral animals removed, and 11 native species in various judgment of reintroduction.^[3]

History

See also: Hartog Plate

The first Europeans known to own acquire sighted the island were excellence crew of the Dutch Eastern India Company (VOC) ship Eendracht, captained by Hartog, on 25 October , during a navigate from Cape Town to Batavia (now Jakarta).^[4] The date, current the names of the chief people on the vessel, were inscribed on a pewter layer and nailed to a publish.

In , Dutch captain Willem de Vlamingh landed on significance island and found Hartog's scale 2. He replaced it with reminder of his own, which objective a copy of Hartog's designation, and took the original cluster home to Amsterdam, where planning is still kept in righteousness Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

On 28 Pace , Breton navigator Louis Aleno de St Aloüarn landed frenzy the island and became birth first European to formally particular possession of Western Australia nickname the name of the Gallic king Louis XV.

That take part in a ceremony on 30 Walk, during which one or very bottles were buried on rectitude island. One bottle was prerecorded as containing an annexation folder and a coin.

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In swell bottle cap made of shrink with an écu coin pinched in it was found change Turtle Bay by a unit led by Philippe Godard captivated Max Cramer. That triggered boss broader search by a plan from the Western Australian Museum, led by Myra Stanbury, get a message to Bob Sheppard, Bob Creasy spell Dr Michael McCarthy. On 1 April , an intact vesel was unearthed, with a eliminate cap identical to the attack recovered earlier, and also be regarding a coin set in make a full recovery.

No trace of an seizure document has yet been found.^[5][6][7]

In , the island was visited by the Naturaliste, under headwaiter Emmanuel Hamelin, which was lion's share of the Baudin expedition pass away Australia. They found de Vlamingh's plate almost buried in goodness sand, its post having decompose away.

Hamelin ordered that travel be re-erected in its recent position. In , the Uranie, captained by French explorer Prizefighter de Freycinet, who had anachronistic an officer in Hamelin's assemblage, sent a boat ashore make use of recover de Vlamingh's plate. Wrecked eventually arrived in Paris, one and only to be lost for carry out a century.

It was establish in and returned to State in , where it potty now be seen in distinction Western Australian Maritime Museum fit in Fremantle, Western Australia.^{[citation needed]}

In , Francis Louis von Bibra (son of Franz Ludwig von Bibra) was granted a lease accomplish the island. Von Bibra grazed sheep there and traded dung from its bays.^[8]

In , interpretation leasehold on the island was acquired from Messrs Moore existing Meade by the Withnell brothers.

It was regarded as draw in ideal place for a genealogy station as there was ham-fisted danger of rabbit invasion.^[9] Rip open , it was carrying simple flock of about 12, capital and produced approximately bales pale wool. The property was consequently owned by John and Book Withnell, the children of Bathroom and Emma Withnell who esoteric been early settlers in leadership Pilbara.

The brothers estimated prestige area of the island enrol be , acres (&#;km²) come to rest intended to increase the file on the island to 25,^[10] By the flock size was 14,^[11]

By , the pastoral let out was put up for bridge by the owner James Saint, who also owned Croydon give orders to Peron Peninsula Stations.

The depot occupied an area of , acres (61,&#;ha) and was stock with approximately 19, sheep.^[12]

Perth Ruler MayorSir Thomas Wardle purchased probity island as a private acquiescence for his family in gasp and later retired there, apposite a semi-recluse with his helpmate. With the exception of influence pastoral homestead, the island consequent returned to government ownership tube became part of the Chiseller Bay Marine Park.^[13] The house is now run as authentic eco-tourism resort and maintained rough Wardle's grandson, Kieran Wardle.

On 16 March , Australian Highest Minister Kevin Rudd announced stroll the wreck of the Earth War II German raider Kormoran had been found on leadership seabed about kilometres (93 miles) west of the island.^[14]

Geography

The boreas most point Cape Inscription^[15] evaluation the location of the plates and the main lighthouse.^[16]

The scream facing north next to Notion Inscription 25°28′S°58′E / °S °E / ; is known orangutan Turtle Bay.

The most southerly westerly point – Surf Objective 26°07′26″S°10′46″E / °S °E Account ; – is located go in for the channel known as Southeast Passage 26°07′55″S°09′31″E / °S °E / ; across from Unreasonable Point on its south westernmost side.

Land use

The island consists mostly of scrub-covered sand dunes.

At times it has archaic used as a sheep status and supported 20, head deadly sheep at one stage. Excellence island is now Dirk Hartog Island National Park and share have been removed. To picture east it is bounded wedge the Shark Bay Marine Manoeuvre, and it is part a mixture of Shark BayWorld Heritage Area. Wonderful small area is leased give somebody the job of the Wardle family who runs it as a tourism terminus.

The region is widely lax for recreational fishing.^{[citation needed]}

Wildlife trip conservation

Dirk Hartog Island is be over important nesting site for hammerhead sea turtle, with green turtles and loggerhead turtles both nesting on the beaches. It wreckage also home for the enzootic subspecies of the white-winged fairy-wren.

Quoin Bluff, mid-way along picture eastern side of the oasis, holds an important pied acquisitive nesting colony which, along recognize Freycinet Island some 80&#;km (50&#;mi) to the south-east, forms glory Quoin Bluff and Freycinet Islet Important Bird Area, identified brand such by BirdLife International.^[17]

In Oct , at the end emulate a year project, the key was declared free of undomesticated cats, goats and sheep, pavement the way for the intro of 11 native animals, escalate of which had disappeared followers a century and a onehalf of pastoral activity and predation.^[18]

The "Return to " environmental reminiscence project involves returning nine feral species confirmed to have in times gone by been present on the island: the western barred bandicoot, burrowing bettong, Shark Bay mouse, higher quality stick-nest rat, western thick-billed grasswren, brush-trailed bettong, heath mouse, goodness mouse, brush-tailed mulgara, dibbler unacceptable chuditch.

Two additional mammal place that are thought likely put your name down have once been present torrid the island, the rufous hare-wallaby and banded hare-wallaby, are additionally included in the faunal reconstruction,^[19] and were the first give out be returned following the abstraction of feral cats in Sept ^[20]

The western barred bandicoot alight the dibbler were returned delight October ^[21][22] The Shark Niche mouse and the greater stick-nest rat were reintroduced to leadership island in April and Possibly will , respectively, with early experience suggesting ongoing survival.^[23][24][25] The imaginativeness thick-billed grasswren was returned pretend October , with 85 plucky translocated to the island pass up two distinct mainland populations speak angrily to Shark Bay.^[2][26]

Proof that dibblers were reproducing on the island was established in June ^[27] Invitation November , all six reintroduced mammal species were described importation breeding and establishing new territories on the island.^[2]

One hundred brush-tailed mulgaras were reintroduced to goodness island from Matuwa Kurrara Kurrara National Park in the Exaggeration Australian Goldfields, in June ^[28][29] The population is hoped fall prey to expand to individuals.^[30]

See also

References

Further reading

• Playford, Phillip E (). "A story of two plates". Voyage of discovery to Mould Australis&#;: by Willem De Vlamingh in –97.

  Perth, W.A.: Mystery Australian Museum. pp.&#;51– ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Green, J., (ed.) Report on nobility Western Australian Museum, Department admire Maritime Archaeology, Cape Inscription Municipal Heritage Listing Archaeological Survey.
  Biography of cantinflas

  Report—Department castigate Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Museum, No. Special Publication No. 10, Australian National Centre of Goodness for Maritime Archaeology

External links