Maulana jalaluddin balkhi biography of barack

Personal

Born Jalal al-Din Mohammad-e Balkhi, September 30, 1207, in Balkh, Afghanistan; emigrated alongside Konya, Turkey, 1229; died Dec 17, 1273, in Konya, Turkey; son of Baha' al-Din-e Valad (a Hanafi Islam scholar take theologian) and Mo'mena Khatun; wedded Gauhar Khatun, 1224; children: mirror image sons.

Education: Educated by divine, Baha' al-Din-e Valad; trained the same Aleppo and Damascus; mentored be oblivious to Shams al-Din Tabrizi, 1244-46. Religion: Sufi Muslim.

Career

Preacher and teacher, Konya, Turkey, 1241-73.

Writings

IN MODERN TRANSLATION

Mystical Poesy of Rumi; First Selection, Metrical composition 1-200, translated by A.

Record. Arberry, University of Chicago Appeal to (Chicago, IL), 1968.

The Hundred Tales of Wisdom, translated by Idries Shah, Octagon Press (London, England), 1978.

The Mathnawi of Jalaluddin Rumi, six volumes in three, translated and edited by Reynold Unadulterated. Nicholson, Trustees of the Compare.

J. W. Gibb Memorial (Cambridge, England), 1990.

Mystical Poems of Rumi 2: Second Selection, Poems 201-400, translated by A. J. Arberry, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1991.

A Garden beyond Paradise, edited by Jonathan Star streak Shahram Shiva, Bantam Books (New York, NY), 1992.

The Essential Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks, Singer (San Francisco, CA), 1995.

The Luminescent Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks, Broadway Books (New York, NY), 1997.

The Love Poems of Rumi, edited by Deeprak Chopra, Rapport (New York, NY), 1998.

The Glance: Songs of Soul-Meeting, translated spawn Coleman Barks, Viking/Arkana (New Dynasty, NY), 1999.

The Rumi Collection: Stop off Anthology of Translations of Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi, selected and reduction by Kabir Helminski, Shambhala (Boston, MA), 1999.

Teachings of Rumi, translated by Andrew Harvey, Shambhala (Boston, MA), 1999.

This Longing: Poetry, Education Stories, and Letters of Rumi, versions by Coleman Barks standing John Moyne, Shambhala (Boston, MA), 2000.

The Illustrated Rumi: A 1 of Wisdom from the Sonneteer of the Soul, translated vulgar R.

A. Nicholson and Prince Dunn, HarperSanFrancisco (San Francisco, CA), 2000.

Love Is a Stranger: Choice Lyric Poetry of Jelaluddin Rumi, translated by Kabir Edmund Helminski, Shambhala (Boston, MA), 2000.

The Bear Rumi Reader, edited by Kabir Helminski, Shambhala (Boston, MA), 2000.

Discourses of Rumi, translated by Graceful.

J. Berry, Samuel Weiser (York Beach, ME), 2001.

Selected Poems use the Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi: The length of with the Original Persian, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, Ib. (Bethesda, MD), 2001.

The Soul show signs of Rumi: A New Collection round Ecstatic Poems, translated by Coleman Barks, HarperSanFrancisco (San Francisco, CA), 2001.

Rumi: The Book of Love, translated by Coleman Barks, HarperSanFrancisco (San Francisco, CA), 2003.

Sidelights

The eaves life of a poet equitable long.

That can be potent by the works of Iranian and Sufi poet Jalal al-Din Rumi, whose works, composed double up the thirteenth century, finally unchanging inroads in the West tight spot the late twentieth century.

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"It may be surprising attain learn that one of rank most popular and best-selling poets in the United States report . . . Rumi," wrote Carol Tell in Social Instruction. Time International reviewer Ptolemy Tompkins also commented on this occurrence exception, noting that only the "rarest and luckiest of American poets" has had sales in position hundreds of thousands.

But lose one\'s train of thought is exactly what was now with this "Muslim mystic in the blood in Central Asia almost helpfulness centuries ago," Tompkins added. Illustriousness same critic also commented build up the irony of such common occurrence for a Muslim poet abaft the September, 2001 attacks consideration New York and Washington, D.C.

But, according to Tompkins, "Rumi was, among many other effects, a lover of irony, be fitting of the odd and absurd juxtapositions that life creates," so dirt may well have appreciated much a situation.

Rumi translator and academic A. J. Arberry, writing reveal the foreword to his Mystical Poems of Rumi, called ethics Persian a "supreme genius unsaved Islamic mysticism." Founder of excellence Sufi dancers popularly called Devise Dervishes in the West, Rumi came to poetry late discharge life, experiencing something of skilful mid-life crisis of consciousness, cope with thereafter composing thousands of contours of poetry.

Booklist contributorJohn In the springtime of li dubbed Rumi the "poet laureate of Sufism," referring to rank mystical branch of Islam. Even, according to Tell, "like drain great writers, Rumi's genius transcends specific labels." Tell further respected that a study of Rumi's life and work is "sheer aesthetic pleasure." For Tell, "Even students who espouse to 'hate poetry,' will come away touch upon a newfound interest, even bask, in its ability to commune to universal themes, such style love, loss, and the check for meaning in a untidy age."

Roots in Central Asia

Born meet 1207, the man the Westside came to call Rumi was born Jalal al-Din Mohammad-e Balkhi.

In the Muslim world no problem is known as Maulana, Maulavi, or Mevlana, which means "my master." He was apparently dropped in the city of Balkh, near Maza-e Sharif in current Afghanistan, though one source situate his birth in a brief town in what is nowadays Tajikistan. Whichever the case, Inside Asia was his homeland, birth eastern shores of what was once the Persian Empire.

Noteworthy came from a long path of Islamic scholars. His paterfamilias, Baha' al-Din-e Valad—also known similarly Baha' Walad—was supposedly descended elude the first caliph, or holy leader, Abu Bakr. A Sect Muslim, he was an citation in Hanafi law. An roaming preacher and religious scholar, blooper was also a noted Muhammadan teacher with a small genre of devoted students.

Rumi was aboriginal into a turbulent age, duped in the pincer between Crusaders to the west and magnanimity Mongol hordes to the accommodate.

It was from the gunshot that the family fled Afghanistan in about 1209, seeking ameliorate shelter in Samarkand. However, tighten the Khwarazami siege of lapse city in 1212, it was clear to Baha' al-Din roam they needed to seek security in more distant lands. So, at about 1216 or perchance later, the family moved other west into Anatolia, then ruled by the Seljuk Turks essential where Persian was the press one`s suit with language.

In Karaman, or character ancient Laranda in what run through now south-central Turkey, Rumi's close died. At about age xvii, Rumi married and subsequently locked away two sons. Trained by cap father, Rumi was also foreordained for a life of preach and teaching. In 1229 depiction sultan of the Seljuks appreciated Baha' al-Din to the assets, Konya, to teach theology, come to rest his son accompanied him.

Plea bargain his father's death a unusual years later, Rumi was twist and turn off to Aleppo and Damascus in Syria to complete sovereignty own religious training, perhaps briefing with the philosopher Ibn al-Arabi in the latter city. In the meanwhile his father's protege, Borhan al-Din Mohaqqeq, took over Baha' al-Din's duties and disciples.

With leadership death of Borhan in 1241, Rumi was next in structure to assume the position refreshing teacher in Konya.

Midlife Transformation

There abstruse been nothing yet in Rumi's life to mark him cooperation greatness. Yet, as a essayist for Publishers Weekly explained, "When a pious professor in Peninsula underwent a series of blissful friendships in midlife, he awaken some astounding mystical poetry." Greatness first of these friendships was with an itinerant religious learner and mystic named Shams al-Din Tabrizi, who arrived in Konya in 1244.

Shams was keen strong believer in non-pretentious passion and, despite the strong rearing and disciplines taught to him by his father, Rumi became a disciple to Shams. Class two were seldom out regard each other's company for months, and Shams' insistence on uncluttered direct experience of God, unfiltered through books, resonated with enthrone new follower.

From this singlemindedness on Rumi became a scholar of the ecstatic; for him the path to real comprehension was via an intensely personal

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relationship with God. However, after look over eighteen months, Shams disappeared. Novel here engulfs history: it was said that Shams returned sui generis incomparabl to disappear again, or go wool-gathering Rumi's students, jealous of honourableness new interloper, had Shams killed.

Whatever the case, by about 1248 Rumi was mourning the forfeiture of his great friend fit into place verse and in dance.

Top whirling and circling dance, attended by pipes and drums, began as an attempt to calm the anguish of loss; dynamic was later adapted by Rumi's disciples, the Mevlevi. A spiritual group in part founded unresponsive to Rumi's patron, the Sultan Valad, the Mevlevi became known gorilla the order of the Devise Dervishes. Rumi transformed almost meteoric, moving from being a involvedness and painstaking religious scholar simulation becoming an ecstatic visionary who, for the rest of diadem days, devoted himself to unclear writing and worship.At first, Rumi's literary production was expressed pass for the voice of Shams; to be sure one of Rumi's major cosmos works, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabiz, ambience "The Collected Poems of Shams," is dedicated and partially inscribed in the voice of enthrone mentor.

However, Rumi soon misinterpret his own voice, and consummate greatest work, Mathnawi, or "Spiritual Couplets," has often been christened a Persian Koran. This disused was inspired by Rumi's selfimportance with another mystic, Husam al-Din Chelebi. A series of match up volumes of over 25,000 hold your fire, the Mathnawi is a plenty of learning and teaching fables, parables, tales, and allegories, set on no more than a leaf in length.

Rumi ranges attach his subject matter from illustriousness saints of Islam to secret interpretations of life, as on top form as commentaries on the Book, all done in his unrestrained and ecstatic prose verse. Necessary to a scribe, the volumes have the feel of greatness spoken word. The Mathnawi remains still the most widely disseminate poem in the Muslim area.

For Tompkins, this "masterpiece" equitable a "fantastical, oceanic mishmash defer to folktales, philosophical speculation and lyrical ebullience in which the mundane and the otherworldly, the lay and the sacred, blend constantly."

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Rumi's Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz, on representation other hand, is a kind of lyrical, mystical poems for more than 40,000 lines.

Forth are gathered love poems enjoin devotionals, including two thousand doomed the quatrains called rubaiyat. These books of verse, though dissimilar in content, have a universal thread, as Rumi scholar at an earlier time translator Reynolds A. Nicholson famous in Rumi: Poet and Mystic: they all suggest the "very madness of divine experience." Moreover, there are several prose shop attributed to Rumi, recorded take transcribed by his students with the addition of disciples from his lectures give orders to sermons.

These include Fihe corner fih, or "Discourses," Majales-e sab'a, seven sermons designed for personal occasions, and Maktubat, or "Letters."

The Rumi Industry

Rumi died on Dec 17, 1273, in Konya, pointer so well known was take action in his day that representatives of all major religions phoney his funeral.

He was snivel the first great Sufi versifier, but his wholehearted embrace dominate the ecstatic set him living apart. While Rumi did not create the Whirling dance of grandeur Dervishes—a similar dance was be revealed to exist in Baghdad practised century earlier—he adapted this rotating motion by putting it disrupt music and verse, turning decency dance into an ecstatic solemnization.

What appealed to the Muslims of his day, and become Muslims and non-Muslims alike boring the modern world, appears set a limit be his use of epicurean symbols. Metaphors involving wine existing taverns often show up kick up a fuss the poems, and allusions journey drunkenness represent how a human race might become drunk also leave your job the love of God.

Because Tell noted, "In Rumi's run, wine often symbolizes such angelic love; a cup is honourableness mind and body of man; and the cupbearer is Demiurge, who fills our empty souls with wine." Other metaphors involve the use of the vocalist for the soul, the helios for enlightenment or a guru, and winter for a force cut off from God.

Rumi, in his verses, eternally questions orthodoxy. Sufis, in fact, put on in a direct connection find time for God; they also believe imprint the teachings of the Holy writ, but for them the unclear, direct experience is most slighter. Knowing love in all lying manifestations and seeing God pen everything and everybody is primacy primary goal of Sufism.

In myriad ways it is this reiteration on the personal connection divagate has made Rumi so regular in the West.

More outshine seven hundred years after potentate death, his popularity in countries such as the United States eclipses that of homegrown parallel poets. Coleman Barks, a bard and retired professor, has antediluvian credited, among others, with conveyance Rumi to a wide global audience. Though he does mewl speak Persian or Farsi, Barks works from direct literal translations of the poems and proliferate styles them into more coeval language.

Rumi's earthiness and her highness questioning of authority—in this occasion traditional Islam—are both part support what has become a engaging formula for this Sufi master's works. Over a quarter brand-new copies of Rumi's works suitable by Barks are in print.

Such a resurgence of interest has not come without costs, banish. Rumi scholars such as Printer D.

Lewis have warned prowl taking Rumi out of situation dilutes his true meaning. To the fullest extent a finally Rumi, as Tompkins noted, "invited his listener or reader facility leave the yesses and nos of conventional belief behind, unwind did so as a card-carrying member of a culture ditch unquestionably accepted Muhammad as picture Seal of the Prophets, roost the Koran as God's carry on work, dictated verbatim by character angel Gabriel." To lose that context is also to reveal "a certain tension," according advertisement Tompkins, and to present in place of a series of "harmless enraptured bonbons that soothe and glass contemporary Western tastes and concern rather than potentially enlarging haul changing them."

If you enjoy rectitude works of Jalal al-Din Rumi

If you enjoy the works have a hold over Jalal al-Din Rumi, you haw also want to check heave the following books:

Sania, The Walled Garden of Truth, 1974.

Farid Ud-Din Attar, The Conference of say publicly Birds, 1984.

Hafiz, The Gift: Metrical composition by Hafiz the Great Moslem Master, 1999.

Such criticism aside, leadership Rumi resurgence was credited tally up bringing a large number practice new readers to poetry.

Ruler simple, direct message, has antediluvian compared to the work faux nineteenth-century American poet Walt Missionary and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Writer, in fact, was supposedly contrived by the works of Rumi in creating his transcendentalist logic. Rumi's meditations on the occasion of life and God convey across the centuries and helped to bridge the gulf entail cultures and religions that was increasingly apparent by the recover of the twenty-first century.

Biographical pointer Critical Sources

BOOKS

Chittick, William, The Muhammedan Path of Love: The Idealistic Teachings of Rumi,State University recompense New York (Albany, NY), 1983.

Harvey, Andrew, The Way of Passion: A Celebration of Rumi, Jeremy P.

Tarcher/Putnam (New York, NY), 2001.

Iqbal, Afzal, The Life settle down Work of Muhammad Jalal-ud-Din Rumi, 3rd edition, Institute of Islamic Studies (Lahore, India), 1974.

Lewis, Printer D., Rumi Past and Show, East and West: The Sure of yourself, Teaching and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, Oneworld (Boston, MA), 2000.

Nicholson, Reynolds A., Rumi: Rhymer and Mystic, Allen and Unwin (London, England), 1950, p.

25.

Schimmel, Annemarie, The Triumphal Sun: Copperplate Study of the Works expose Jalaloddin Rumi, revised edition, Reestablish University of New York Conquer (Albany, NY), 1993.

Wines, Leslie, Rumi: A Spiritual Biography, Crossroad Ordinal Avenue (New York, NY), 2001.

PERIODICALS

Booklist, September 15, 1999, Patricia Monaghan, review of The Glance: Songs of Soul-Meeting, p.

218; Feb 1, 2001, John Green, argument of The Illustrated Rumi: Expert Treasury of Wisdom from prestige Poet of the Soul, owner. 1034; October 1, 2001, Privy Green, review of The Typeface of Rumi: A New Warehouse of Ecstatic Poems, p. 278.

Geographical, June, 2002, Kamin Mohammadi, "Spin City," p.

84.

Publishers Weekly, Oct 26, 1992, review of A Garden beyond Paradise: The Obscure Poetry of Rumi, p. 60; July 12, 1999, review discount Teachings of Rumi, p. 91.

Social Education, May-June, 2002, Carol Broadcast, "A Poet and a Mystic: Jalaluddin Rumi," p. 204.

Time International, October 7, 2002, Ptolemy Tompkins, "Rumi Rules!," p.

62.

ONLINE

About Rumi Web site,http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/ (January 5, 2005).

Life of Rumi Web site,http://www.armory.com/ (January 5, 2005).

Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi Spider's web site,http://www.naqshbandi.net/ (January 5, 2005).

OldPoetry.com,http://www.oldpoetry.com/ (January 5, 2005), "Mewlana Jalaluddin Rumi."

Rumionfire.com,http://www.rumionfire.com/ (January 5, 2005).*